Essay about Scarlet letter chapter 5 - 2647 Words

Chapter Five: Hester at Her Needle Summary Hester is released from prison and finds a cottage in the woods, near the outskirts of the city, to set up her new life. Hawthorne comments on the fact that she does not avail herself of the opportunity to escape to a new life without shame in some other city. He remarks that often people are irresistibly drawn to live near the place where a great has occurred. He further comments that even if that is not the reason, Hester may have been inclined to remain in Boston because her secret lover still lived there. Hesters skill at needlework, earlier shown in the fine way that she displayed the scarlet letter, allows her to maintain a fairly stable lifestyle. However, her reputation as an outcast†¦show more content†¦Whereas at first it represented Hesters adultery and also her needlework skills, it now takes on two more meanings. Foremost, the letter begins to represent the hidden shame of the community. Thus preachers will stop in the street and give sermons when they see Hester. The letter therefore becomes an example of crime and acts a deterrent for others in the community. However, Hawthorne indicates that Hester is now able to see when other people sympathize with her. Thus the letter serves as a gateway into other peoples secret crimes, and acts as a focal point for the shame of the entire community.. The letter can thus also be interpreted as a symbol of shame shared by everyone, rather than by Hester alone. The treatment of Hester almost reaches a low point in this chapter. She is cut off socially in the sense that she has no friends and lives in an isolated cottage. In addition, Hester becomes an outcast which even the children mock, causing her more pain. Hawthorne indicates that even though Hester spends time helping to make clothes for the poor, they treat her badly in spite of her good intentions. Her choice of habitation is crucial to the symbolism within the novel. The forest represents love, or the wilderness where the strict morals of the Puritan community cannot apply. Thus, when Hester makes her home on the outskirts of the city, directly on the edge of the woods, she is putting herself in a place of limbo between the moral and the immoral universes.Show MoreRelatedScarlet Letter Chapter 52684 Words   |  11 PagesChapter Five: Hester at Her Needle Summary Hester is released from prison and finds a cottage in the woods, near the outskirts of the city, to set up her new life. Hawthorne comments on the fact that she does not avail herself of the opportunity to escape to a new life without shame in some other city. He remarks that often people are irresistibly drawn to live near the place where a great has occurred. He further comments that even if that is not the reason, Hester may have been inclined to remainRead MoreHow Is Hester Prynne A Feminist Novel989 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted by the novel, The Scarlet Letter. Nathaniel Hawthorne took a path with the character Hester Prynne that took many by surprise. Hester Prynne from the acclaimed novel, The Scarlet Letter, is one of American Literature’s first and influential feminist characters that shows superiority while being fearless and having an influence on modern literature and culture. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is accused of adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet letter A on her chest. While HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1404 Words   |  6 PagesThis novel has a total of 24 chapters, not including the preface and an introduction. The author organizes the novel by starting the reader at the middle of the story, where Hester Prynne is in custody for adultery. Then, the author proceeds to elaborate on how and why Prynne is in her current state and continues in chronological order. In other words, Hawthorne utilizes a narrative structure where the scarlet letter, A, is an extended metaphor that symbolizes a multitude of things: adultery, sinRead MoreSymbolism Of The Scarlet Letter753 Words   |  4 PagesThe Scarlet Letter: Symbolism of the Scarlet ‘A’ Symbolism has many different meanings, and the Scarlet ‘A’ in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† has many different meanings as well. Hester Prynne is the main character who is forced to wear the scarlet letter as remembrance for the crime and the sin that she has committed. This letter completely ruined her reputation in her community. How could a small piece of fabric do so much harm? This letter was a representation of something much greater than the letter ‘A’Read MoreSummary Of The Scarlet Letter 1485 Words   |  6 Pages The Scarlet Letter Reading Journal Chapters 2-3 Hester Prynne is first introduced by an angry crowd of people calling for her death. It seems as Hester has done something terribly wrong, something unforgivable. It gave me mixed thoughts, because I had no idea what she had done that made these people so furious, she could be innocent for all I, or any of the characters, know. Hester’s babe was compared/contrasted to the Scarlet Letter on herself, showing that her babe, not the Letter, was theRead MoreThats What1831 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Test 5 Chapters 1-6 flashcards | Quizlet quizlet.com/30846533/english-test-5-chapters-1-6-flash-cards/ Quizlet What conclusion can you draw from the fact that every new colony must provide a prison and cemetery at once? Many bad people come to the colonies that ... what conclusion can you draw from the fact that every new ... www.chacha.com/.../what-conclusion-can-you-draw-from-the-fact-that-e... Every new colony must provide a prison and a cemetery in The Scarlet Letter draws the conclusionRead MoreSummary Of The Scarlet Letter 1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scarlet Letter Journal 1 I empathize most with Reverend Dimmesdale. He had to live with the secret of his sin for many years. He also was a reverend and had to preach about sins every Sunday and so was reminded constantly of what he did. In fact he felt so guilty about receiving no punishment while Hester was cursed with the letter that he â€Å"inflicted a hideous torture on himself† by carving the letter A into his own chest (Hawthorne 176). He has also had to endure much from Roger ChillingsworthRead MoreSummary Of Hester Prynne By Nathaniel Hawthorne1219 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 2-3: Hester Prynne is a young woman who was put in jail for the crime of adultery. In the first introduction Hester is perceived as someone who does not care what other people think of her and will stare down the barrel of a gun. The author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, compares Hester to her babe by showing how they are both shunned by the people viewing them. Hawthorne contrats them when Hester stands upon the scaffold with her head held high, while her babe cries out. As Hester walks out of herRead MoreEssay on Scarlet Letter Study Guide1628 Words   |  7 Pages11 The Scarlett Letter, Nathanial Hawthorne Chapters I and II 1. What two necessities, according to Hawthorne, must the founders of a new colony provide immediately? - Prison and a cemetery 2. Under whose footsteps was the rose-bush outside the prison supposed to have sprung up? Sainted Anne Hutchinson 3. What kind of spectacle have the townspeople of Boston gathered to witness? The public humiliation of Hester Prynne 4. What is the significance of the scarlet letter A which is embroideredRead MorePuritans in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne opens his most famous novel, The Scarlet Letter, in the midst of the action. The novel begins with a crowd of Puritan Bostonians waiting anxiously outside the town jailhouse, hoping to see convicts, sinners, and their overall hated fellow citizens be publicly punished and shamed. This is a classic example in medias res, which translates from Latin to mean â€Å"in the middle of things,† according to Encyclopedia Britannica. The concept of introducing a plot while it is occurring and

Alternative Education For High School Dropouts - 1698 Words

Alternative Education for High School Dropouts Allison V. Alvizuri University of La VerneAbstract This study examined high school dropouts and what the long term consequences, major factors, and characteristics of a student who drops out are.The findings suggest that a school counselor plays an integral role in keeping students in school or finding an alternative choice to finish their education. Effective school program such as Opportunities for Learning Public Charter Schools has been identified as an alternative school that has promoted positive development in students who once considered themselves dropouts. Keywords: high school dropouts, alternative high schools, school counselor Alternative Education for High School Dropouts Dropping out of high school is a huge issue for many adolescents today. The alarming rate of dropouts without a high school diploma requires the attention and immediate action of various school authorities, specifically school counselors. Many factors come into play when a student decides to dropout, for example lack of parental support, money, pregnancy, and lack of motivation from continuously failing courses. Students get behind and cannot seem to catch up, and usually think the best thing to do is quit. These causes all play big roles in dropping out of school. School counselors must identify these students and help them stay in school or find alternative means of completing their education.Show MoreRelatedDropping Out Of School : A Silent Epidemic963 Words   |  4 PagesDropping out of school has been called a silent epidemic (Bridgeland, DiIulio, Morison, 2006), a crisis (Rumberger Lim, 2008), and a challenge (Steinberg, Johnson, Pennington, 2006). In 2007, approxim ately 6.2 million people between the ages of 16 and 24 years old were high school dropouts. â€Å"Among these dropouts, 60.1% were men, 18.8% were Black, and 30.1% were Hispanic† (Center for Labor Market Studies, 2009, p. 2). Dropping out is costly not only to the student but also to society as wellRead MoreHigh School Dropouts: Finishing School or Not? Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesdrops out of high school, there are many reasons behind their decision. Whether it is a matter of not having enough money to attend high school, or the person just does not have the desire to attend. Behind all these apprehensions, there are many people suffering since they abandoned high school. In Sanchez’s article, â€Å"A High School Dropout’s Midlife Hardships,† he reveals the hardships of a high school dropout. Kenny Buchanan, a 44-year old from Pennsylvania, withdrew from high school when he wasRead MoreHigh School Dropout Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school is an extremely important time in a teenager’s life. They are taught many skills that are important to their future. More teenagers are dropping out of school each year for various reasons. The high school dropout age should be raised because it creates a lifetime of challenges. Dropping out of high school affects one’s future and quality of life. The high school dropout age should be raised to eighteen because of how much it affects a person’s future. High school dropouts usually alreadyRead MoreDropping Out Is Not The Dropout Age874 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidering other factors that lead to dropout and the results of dropping out, one can conclude that the issue at hand is not the dropout age. The main factor in this issue is the education system itself. Primarily, schools are organized with the assumption that all students are learning on their grade level and have the same learning styles. Also, each level of education is in preparation for the next level of education, all the way through secondary school. This assumes that all students will beRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Education1162 Words   |  5 Pages Education in today’s generation is overlooked and uncared for. There are a lot of students, from all ages, who have grown to care less about school and their education. They tend to fail or worst, result as a drop out. Although, sometimes students have other priorities outside of school that may interfere greatly with their studies. Many might also blame social media as a distraction to a students ability of learning because of those who portray school and furthering their education in lesser valueRead MoreHigh School : A Community Center, Job Training, And Mentoring1182 Words   |  5 Pagesto prevent further dropouts of high school teens, there needs to be a community center, job training, and mentoring. Every year, over 1.2 million students drop out of high school in the United States alone. About 25% of high school freshman fail to graduate from high school on time. People who dropout of school tends to get arrested or end up dead in the streets. Teen fed to realize that if don t go to school and get an education they would be a nobodyRead MoreThe Issue At Hand Is Not The Dropout Age946 Words   |  4 Pagesthat lead to dropout and the results of dropping out, we came to the conclusion that the issue at hand is not the dropout age. The ultimate cause for this issue is actually the way that the education system is setup. Primarily, schools are ran on the assumption that everyone around the same age is on the same level, can learn in the same ways and at the same rate. Also, each level of education is in preparation for the next level of education up until college when finally your education is directedRead MoreLosing Our Future712 Words   |  3 PagesYouth are Being Left Behind by the Graduation Rate Crisis By Gary Orfield , Daniel Losen, Johanna Wald and Christopher B. Swanson Every year, across the country, a dangerously high percentage of students—disproportionately poor and minority—disappear from the educational pipeline before graduating from high school. Nationally, only about 68 percent of all students who enter 9th grade will graduate â€Å"on time† with regular diplomas in 12th grade. While the graduation rate for white students is 75Read MoreCauses Of Students Dropping Out Of High School Across The Country1160 Words   |  5 PagesDrop Out There are many numerous causes of students dropping out of high school across the country. However, there are three causes that are most prevalent in students across the globe. One cause is having a lack of parental involvement and participation in a child’s life. The atmosphere in homes and neighborhood play a role in kids dropping out of school. Teacher qualification in teaching is a third reason. High School dropout rates have declined a significant amount since 2000 (Fry 1). Only sevenRead MoreSchool Dropout Problem in America Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is very important in our life. It measures our life chances and the window of opportunity to success in the society. Our education institution not only teaches us how to write, read and communicate thoroughly, but also social skills that enable us to become a productive citizen of society. The U.S. have taken enormous pride of its ability to provide top-notch education and freedom of its access. Its the pr omise of American public education: no matter who you are or where you come from

Mac vs. Pc Essay Sample free essay sample

There are two types of people in this universe. the Mac lovers and the Personal computer lovers. Depending upon whom you’re speaking to. the Mac vs. PC subject tends to take to a ceaseless argument. We all know these trade names. and at one point hold had at least one of them. I have come to detect that you will hardly of all time happen person who is in between. As to which computing machine trade name is the best. it depends on your gustatory sensation in package. hardware. and the monetary value you are willing to pay for it. The populace has seen plenty innovating commercials that have genuinely made us believe that this specific piece of package. whether it be a Personal computer or a Mac would alter our life for the better. As for what would really accommodate us best for our business is largely disregarded during the purchase of a computing machine. It has now come down to what looks and feels best. Personal computer computing machines have existed for many old ages now and have been the lone type of computing machine people have been used to. The devising of Microsoft was certain to alter the computing machine industry. Until 1976 when Steve Jobs. Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne became the laminitiss of Apple Corporation. Regardless of the current competition. Personal computer computing machines are known to hold higher market portions in the industry but when asked what the populace would prefer. the bulk of the replies were Macs. Most place consumers usually choose Personal computer over Mac due to its low monetary value scopes and compatibility for bet oning. Personal computer is besides preferable because of its maximal â€Å"customizability† to construct your ain computing machine ; you can take the parts and package you prefer and are able edit merely about anything on the operating system. If you have no involvement in â€Å"creating† your ain computing mac hine you could easy take from a assortment of companies to acquire your Personal computer from such as Acer. Hp. Dell. and Samsung. This ability to custom-make your computing machine to such a big extent is what makes the computing machine more vulnerable to instability. We all know the â€Å"stereotypes. † Mac users are known to be the disdainful stripling shirkers with an overpriced plaything as to the business-suited Personal computer users are in demand of a piece of equipment that will acquire their material done. To the populaces surprise these stereotypes were shown to be incorrect. Macs are no longer merely the computing machine pick of a cupboard author and an aspirant vocalist. Now more than of all time Macs and PC’s platforms are surprisingly similar. Both computing machines use Intel processors. and both buy memory/hard thrusts from the same group of providers. For what has come to maneuver the buying of a computing machine for most consumers is the different runing systems Macs and PC’s have to offer. Mac OS X and Microsoft’s Windows Vista do differ in footings of functionality ; yet once more have really similar constitutional multimedia. Internet and productive/useful applications. However. what has come to do the platforms feel so different is the manner in which the applications are presented. Safari vs. Internet Explorer. Front Row vs. Windows Media. iPhoto vs. Photo Gallery – these systems offered through Apple and Microsoft are designed to carry throu gh the same ends. Mac OS 10 is at the bosom of the Mac. and with the release of Mac OS Lion. it has merely improved on flawlessness. These factors are of import to see for people frequently opt for computing machines that last. one that’s of a sensible monetary value and possibly most significantly. they would desire a computing machine with a simple. efficient and easy to utilize platform. However. to specific users the computer keyboard. mouse. icons. and the capacity of each application and system within the package make all the difference in passing $ 500 or $ 1000. Is it worth it? I believe it is. I am and everlastingly will be an Apple user. My male parent and I are the family representatives of each trade name. My male parent will contend for his Personal computer and I will stand for and stand for Macs. Macs are merely better. Apple merchandises in general have been known to be more simplistic for any age group to understand and pull off. The physique of a Mac is much more friendly and design understanding so a PC’s. Mac relies more on the scheduling so the computing machines hardware. leting the package to look great and map faster. Mac books and laptops were made to be more appealing to the human oculus. Macs are designed to last ; the aluminium unibody in which Macs are made of are designed to be thin and light and at the same clip strong and lasting. Another of import facet Macs have to offer is the 1 of a sort hitter life ; battery life is cardinal in a laptop. How many times will you be walking around a school or an airdrome and happen people on the floor bear downing their Personal computer laptops? Excessively many to number ; Macs offer 7 hr battery life with a individual charge. You will happen stableness within any Apple merchandise you purchase. Macs are more stable because most plans are separated from each other every bit good as from the operating system. A Mac is capable of working with all peripherals so the usage of any digital camera. pressman. and external difficult thrust is made easy with a Mac. By merely stop uping in the device. Mac OS installs the needed drivers and it may be used without hold. As for Personal computer users have experienced hapless stableness frequently due to all of the package constituents that are connected to each other. This type of programming than leads to more frequent rebooting and clangs. Macs have besides been known to be more dependable and secure. They have yet to be threatened by viruses or travel through any major security breaches. meanwhile Windows is ill-famed for viruses and security issues. This would do a considerable difference on how much is spent on anti-virus package and protection. The dependability is odd. for you can travel a plan file/folder anyplace on the hardware thrust and the computing machine will non crash. Macs will besides be able to update icons that you had had appointed to that plan. Most Personal computer users are biased to their sentiments against Macs. typically because they have no cognition of them. It is important. before taking any side of an statement. to make research on the merchandises being discussed. After research has been done. it is clear that Macs are the better computing machine pick. Macs in the eyes of many will stay to be the best. ignoring the monetary value. Apple is good worth the money hence people continue to p urchase even if it is out of their budget.

T he six principles that make people say YES or ho Essays

T he six principles that make people say YES or how to get YES. Psychology in negotiations. In fact, people are hostages of their habits and stereotypes. The Psychology of Persuasion, Robert B. Cialdini, a respected social scientist and specialist in the area of compliance psychology, says that " automatic, stereotyped behavior is prevalent in much of human action " I fully agree with this quotation. I want to move away from the topic for a second and to tell about myself. Actually, I'm a big fan of psychology, I started learn some psychology books in fourteen years old. I read authors like Eric Bern, Sigmund Freud, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche ( yes, I know that here also philosophy authors, but I think that philosophy and psychology its like wife and husband) and Russian , Ukrainian psychologists. Why I love psychology ? because it help me to better understand people , before they try to do something bad to me (for example),not only for bad thigs in my life I learnt psychology, It help me better to communicate with people and gain trust from them. Psychology has a lot of applications in every-day life. But usually it help to survive in this scary world to people like me, it help to earn money from business or work for eating something every day, it helps in talking to people in difficult situations, when you need to solve a problem for example, to live normally or when you alone in another county and you need to find someone whom you can trust, because in our world today so many bad people who will try to play on your feelings or will try to use you anyway they can and a lot of people going in hands of such bad people and their offer of " help ". But with knowing of people behavior , you can "read" them, it's not so difficult, but practice needed. I'm sorry for so long "moving away". So let's go back to our topic Negotiations and how to get Yes. Negotiation it's a difficult process, you will never know what can happen or what will be in the end. Negotiations can be different , in process people can become angry, become greedy or full of stress. Of course all can be vice versa, as I said you never know what can be with people and in the end of the process. But you can control all the aspects of the process, How ? you can ask me, and now I'll tell you the six principles or "triggers" how to get yes in negotiations. But first I want to talk about "triggers" for people, because, I guess, that everyone has his own "triggers". As I said everyone have "triggers" or easier saying things or words or actions which make people to do one or another action or decision. For example, if ask people to help you to do something ( let's take a supermarket ) People waiting in a queue to do their purchases and you come in this queue with only one banana for example, and if you ask people in a queue - " Can I go first , I have one banana ?" Only 60% will answer you " Yes of course". But , if in the next time in the similar queue in supermarket and you again with banana ( we can image that you like bananas very much) and you will ask them - " Can I go first , I have only one banana , I need so much , because I am late into university" Almost 90% will answer you "Yes". Why? Because it's human nature, it's a well-known that people need a reason to do any action or justify their decisions. But other information is necessary for people their "trigger" is BECAUSE and when people hear their "trigger" it so strong to decide people say YES. I shew an experiment which had been done by Harvard social psychologist Ellen Langer. When I was looking for an addition al information for my essay , I absolutely accidentally found this experiment and rewrite it to easier understanding form just for additional example. So, now

The Effects of TQM in Eurasia International

The Effects of TQM in Eurasia International Introduction The Eurasia International case study is based on the implementation of total quality management (TQM) to improve the overall performance of the shipping company. TQM involves the application of quality management standards to all elements of the business.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Effects of TQM in Eurasia International specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It requires that the quality management standards be applied in all branches and at all levels in the organization. Characteristic of Eurasia going through the total quality process is an unambiguous and clear, limited interdepartmental barriers, excellent customer and supplier relation, time spent on training and the recognition that quality is product quality as well as the quality of the entire firm, including personnel, finance, sales and other functions. Top management has the responsibility for quality rather than employees and is thei r role to provide commitment, support and leadership to human and technical processes (Kanji Asher, 1996). In as much as the TQM initiative is to succeed, management has to foster the participation of workers in quality improvement and create a quality culture by altering attitudes and perceptions towards quality. Importance of a voluntary system of self regulation Mr. Bajpaee believed a voluntary system of self-regulation was essential for the shipping industry largely because of the need to achieve excellence in maintaining the necessary HR focus while controlling the vessel’s cost structure, keeping on line with customer requirements and foreseeing the competition. That is focusing on the nature of the shipping work and the important roles of individuals in order to meet the diverse needs of the stakeholders. The industry had undergone major restructuring which led to significant growth especially into the international markets.Advertising Looking for assessment o n business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The outcome of the rapid growth was the demand for more resources, yet in an environment with diverse regulatory systems. This led to issues like shipping accidents and other deficiencies as the industry focused more on making profits at the cost of the quality of services. According to Bajpaee, the shipping industry is analogous to any manufacturing industry. Therefore, a ship is likened to a factory where independent control is paramount in order to increase efficiency in operations and effectiveness of the human resources. In addition to the differing needs of the employee, the industry is associated with uncertain environments which call for unique actions and strategies to ensure success. Quality in the shipping industry is measured by the ability of a shipping firm to transport products safely from one place to another. However, there are factors unique to individu al ships that are described by the environment which determine the decision making processes. The self-regulation means that the management is able to respond to these factors free from other restrictions that might not fit in the specific context. In this respect, total quality management is considered to interlock with a self-regulatory system in that the system supports the creation of a quality culture. Managers as well as other employees who are restricted to explore the ideas they think to fit best in their duties are not likely to understand the needs of stakeholders that can lead to value creation. They will likely be endeavoring to accomplish tasks rather than accomplishing them efficiently. Bajpaee observes that a ship manager serves as an intermediary with secondary customers and is different from a manager at the base of a shipping company. Therefore, the success of the two managers is determined by different factors and hence cannot function under a common regulatory fr amework. Each environment demands self-reliance for the managers to offer effective solutions and steer the respective workforce towards achieving the organizational objectives.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Effects of TQM in Eurasia International specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creating value for people Mr. Bajpaee likens cash flow to blood flow such that as oxygen is important to blood flow, profit is important to cash flow. However, the significance of life is not limited to having a pulse and similarly business existence is not limited to the flow of cash. More important is to create value for the stakeholders: shareholders, customers and employees. These observations mean that profit or cash flow results from value creation and not the other way round. As much as the firm is committed to creating value for the stakeholders, profit is created and the business is also sustained. The Bajpaee’s s aying is directly related to the idea of total quality management. Creating value for the stakeholder means the efforts to bring job satisfaction, customer satisfaction and shareholder satisfaction (Mukherjee, 2006). No business can be sustained if it lacks the capacity to retain employees, attract new customers and encourage shareholders to invest more. The human resources are the source of customer satisfaction which lead to increased sales and profits as well as shareholder satisfaction which is the source of investments. Therefore, value creation is not only the source of cash flow but also the best approach to instill a quality culture. The central purpose of a business’ existence is therefore to create value for stakeholders and profit cannot supersede it. Eurasian international is committed to creating value for stakeholders through total quality management initiatives. First, the organization creates value for its employees through recruitment, training and developmen t. Attracting employees from diverse environments is important to any firm operating at the global level which Eurasia achieves by recruiting seafarers globally and assembling international crews. Value is created through more friendly conditions for employees by offering stable working hours and established career paths.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Job roles are defined and the employees can advance their careers through education and accumulation of experience. Work performance for individual workers is formally appraised on periodic basis as a way to motivate them. Second, customer value in Eurasia is achieved by collecting and acting on customer satisfaction information. There are established Key Performance Indicators corresponding to customer value, shareholder value, human value and leadership/intellectual value. All sea-based and shore-based groups have performance targets at all levels. This ensures that the management is able to observe how all parameters are working on a virtually real-time basis. In addition, the firm collects information from external market and financial information providers which is analyzed by employing TQM methods prior to taking the necessary action. Third, Eurasia creates the value for its shareholders through a number of ways including the proper use and maintenance of resources as well as ensuring the flow of revenue. Since the shareholders are also the ship owners, Eurasia has set a process of monitoring, evaluating the technical conditions of the vessels in an effort to maintain them in good working conditions. The teams responsible are organized such that any deficiency is identified, analyzed and corrected appropriately and on time. As much as the resources are in good conditions, the sea activities are increased and thus higher returns for the stakeholders. In general, the organizational structure, employee training and development, resource allocation and maintenance as well as focusing on customer needs are among the factors that create value for the people. Organizational structure enables the human resource to understand their job roles and responsibility. Employee training and development provides the employees with the necessary skills and motivates them to work hard. Resource allocation enables the company ensures higher returns by reducing inefficiencies in operations. By focusing on the needs of customers, Eurasia ensures brand equity which lead to a royal customer base. Realizing operating efficiencies One of the objectives that Bapjaee put forward when implementing TQM was to increase the operating efficiencies. For this goal, the manager was determined to establish coordination in activities between the sea-based and shore-based groups. This was because any successful operation depended on the effort of both groups. The failure of crew members to deliver cargo safely would as well nullify the efforts by the shore-based groups to complete the transaction with the customer. As a result coordination of activities begins at the initial stages of a transaction and continues through until success is attained and evaluated for recommendations. To start with, the crew members are recruited, trained and developed according to the specific type of vessel under management, the particular type of cargo or the voyage in question. The shore- based group must communicate to the crew the system of safety, guidelines, policies and procedures in order to equip them with tools and knowledge necessary for any probable eventuality. This is backed up with well established daily, weekly and monthly reporting systems; quarterly inspections; pre-embankment and post-dismemberment debriefings and constant satellite-based monitoring to determine whether the vessel was making the right progress. Moreover, Eurasia has established a management structure comprised of self-check, cross-check and external-check constituents corresponding to the firm’s shipboard fleet management and support team. Additionally, when defects or deficiencies are identified in a particular operation, they are analyzed by a reliability team to determine the root course of the failure. For all operations, this determination is widespread involving the crew, system and equipment. The appropriate remedy to the failure is arranged while touching on the releva nt adjustments such as provision of more training and development, making necessary maintenance and revising the policies and procedures. Such a follow up ensures that every other operation is performed better than the previous one; continuous improvement. Other companies have a number of lessons to learn from Eurasia operating efficiencies. First, operating efficiency are achieved when there is corporation between operating groups. This means that operating efficiency touch every party that has influence no matter how small it is. Companies should not assume some departments simply because they are not directly related to the particular operation. They should aim for total quality improvement. Secondly, efficiency is about improving on the weak areas rather than introducing new ideas. When one learns from failure, he becomes more confident to explore new ideas that add to the existing knowledge. Finally, other companies can learn the need to create a quality culture in order to inc rease operating efficiencies. Indeed, quality of service in the service industry translates to efficiency in operations and improving that quality is an effort to increase operation efficiencies (Klefsjo Bergquist, 2006). The role of information Information play a central role in everything that Eurasia does which begun from its establishment to its expansion into the global market. Initially, the selection of Hong Kong as headquarter stemmed from the information gathered about the city. The city had a sophisticated telecommunication, infrastructure, an extensive air transport system, an advanced banking infrastructure, a low tax regime and a productive workforce, all of which suggest extensive research of the market. As a competitive competency, Eurasia deployed advanced database-management and computerized information system that gave users access to timely and accurate information. Most of the strategies established in the firm were based on information attained either from the market environment or failures in the industry. For instance, the strategy to become the best instead of the biggest was established after continued failures of firms in the shipping industry. During this time, Bapjaee observed how many shipping companies competed in a limited marketplace to acquire economies of scale and decided to focus on a completely different direction. Operations efficiencies originated from relevant actions on the weak areas identified through the collection and good flow of information among the operating groups. Another area that information has played a central role is on the Eurasia’s quality journey. Despite Bajpaee having reflected on the changes taking place in the industry to conclude that TQM was most necessary to the firm, he studied processes at other companies that had implemented TQM to confirm the relevant components. Again, these components were based on the need to seek much information on both the industry and the market. A definition of quality in terms of customer’s needs is a matter of seeking information about the diverse needs of customers. An organization-wide quality performance is about integrating stakeholder information into the company. The work system proposed relates to the adoption of an information system by the human resources. A meaningful way to monitor and measure results will require an evaluation and analysis of information pertaining to the performance of the system. Information has also played a center role in recruiting, training and developing employees. The recruitment of seafarers globally and assembling of international crews clearly stipulate the need to have relevant information about the global market needs. Job design that specified the roles of the candidates is a consequence of information about the objectives of the firm and the market needs. Again, organizational learning occurs as information cascades down through the levels of the organization. Employees plight in the information provided by the higher levels while managers take use of the feedbacks from the employee. Appraisal system is also an issue of collecting information about the performance of the employees and weighing them against the objectives of the firm in order to determine the worthy workers. Conclusion Total Quality Management is a concept applied in businesses such as Eurasia with a focus on continuous improvement across all branches and levels of an organization. Being part of Eurasia, the concept defines the way in which the organization can create value for its people. Bapjaee thinks that the most appropriate environment to use TQM is that which has a self regulatory system which allows the appropriate response to the dynamics of the shipping environment. Through TQM, Eurasia has been able to create value which eventually leads to operation efficiencies. These efficiencies have particularly been achieved by continuous correction of deficiencies identified in the process. A pa rticular interest is the central role that information has played in enabling TQM initiatives especially through continuous learning. References Kanji, G. K. Asher, M. (1996). 100 methods for total quality management. Thousands Oak, CA: SAGE. Klefsjo, B. Bergquist, B. (2006). Six sigma and total quality management: different day, same soup. Int. J. Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 2(2), 162-178. Mukherjee, P. N. (2006). Total quality management. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Auditory Learning Strategies and Characteristics

Auditory Learning Strategies and Characteristics Do you prefer lectures over long reading assignments? Are you great at following verbal directions? Do you benefit from in-class discussions and receive great marks for class participation? If so, you may be an auditory learner. Auditory learning is one of the  three learning styles  established by the VAK model of learning. In essence, auditory learners retain information best when it is presented through sound and speech. Auditory learners generally remember what their teacher says and readily participate in class. They are good listeners and often very social, which means they can sometimes get distracted from the lesson by everything else going on in the classroom. Auditory learning methods range from studying with voice recordings to memorizing vocabulary words by inventing short songs. Strengths of Auditory Learners From kindergarten to calculus class, auditory learners will be some of the most engaged and responsive members of any classroom. Here are some of the strengths that will help them achieve success in the classroom: Good at explaining ideas out loudKnack for understanding changes in tone of voiceSkilled at oral reports and class presentationsUnafraid to speak up in classFollows verbal directions wellEffective member of study groupsGifted storytellerAble to work through complex problems by talking out loud Auditory Learning Strategies Those with an auditory learning style like to speak and hear others speak in order to learn, but they may have trouble reading silently or staying engaged in a completely quiet classroom. If you are an auditory learner, try these strategies to improve your learning experience. Find a study buddy. Team up with a study group or a reliable study partner and quiz each other on the content. Verbally reinforcing the information will help you retain it, especially if you have to memorize lots of details.Record class lectures. Ask your instructors permission to create audio recordings of class lectures. During class, focus your brain power on listening closely to the lecture. Youll process the information much better this way than if you try to jot down every word the teacher says. Later, you can listen back to the recording and take notes on the most important information.Sit near the front of the room. Find a spot in the front row so that you can hear every word of the lecture.Listen to classical music. Listen to lyric-free music while you study. (Music with lyrics may be too distracting.)Participate in class discussions as much as possible. Talking about your ideas and voicing your questions will increase your understanding of the material. Encourage other stud ents when they speak so that others feel just as comfortable as you do speaking in front of a group.   Record yourself reading key terms and their definitions out loud. Then, listen to the recording while you walk to class, exercise, or get ready for bed.Repeat facts with your eyes closed. This technique will help you focus your attention on the auditory process, rather than any other visual stimuli that might be in front of you.Read assignments out loud. If youre given a homework assignment that involves reading a lengthy chapter, dont feel like youre trapped into a silent reading session. Instead, curl up in your room or another study space and read aloud to yourself. (You can even make it interesting by using goofy voices.) Auditory Learning Tips for Teachers Auditory learners need to listen, speak, and interact in order to learn. They are often social butterflies. Help the auditory learners in your class put their gift of gab to good use with these teaching strategies. Call on auditory learners to answer questions.Lead class discussions and reward class participation.During lectures, ask auditory learners to repeat ideas in their own words.Record your lectures so that auditory learners can listen to them more than once.Allow any struggling auditory learner to take an oral exam instead of a written one.Create lesson plans that include a social element, such as paired readings, group work, experiments, projects, and performances.Modulate your vocal tone, inflection, and body language during lectures.Allow students with an auditory learning style to listen to approved music during silent study periods.

Loans. Variable interest and fixed interest loans Essay

Loans. Variable interest and fixed interest loans - Essay Example There are many reasons why comparable short term loans have various degrees of risk. One of the primary reasons is the existence of variable term loans. A variable interest loan can change in payment on a monthly basis based on the current interest rate in the marketplace. Fixed loans are much different because these loans have a fix payment rate until maturity. A secondary reason why short term loans have different levels of risk is due to credit history of the individual or business entity. People that have excellent credit pay less than people that have bad credit. The reason people with bad credit pay more on short term loans is because they represent a high risk. A third reason why the terms of loans are different in terms of interest and risk is because each financial institution has different earnings expectations. Some banks are willing to earn less than others. 2. Granting credit to a firm or person with bad credit can result in a positive NVP. There are a lot of people that have bad credit that are not at fault. Some people lose their good credit because they co-signed for a friend or family member that defaulted on a loan. The lack of responsibility of the person that defaulted places the person in a tough situation because they are forced to pay a debt that is not theirs. Another reason why banks may earn positive NPV from people with bad credit is because they charge these individuals or business institutions a higher interest rate. 3. The credit score of a person is very influential in the terms of the credit the borrower receives. There are three credit agencies that evaluate the person. The three agencies are Equifax, TransUnion, and Experian. You are correct in your assumption that the amount of credit experience a person has influences the credit score of the individual. The three credit agencies utilize different criteria to evaluate the person. My father recently applied for a loan and he was denied because one of the agencies rated him as a 560. It was strange that another one of the agencies gave him a 716 score. 4. I have always preferred to have a variable interest loan than a fixed interest loan especially in long term loans. The market fluctuates a lot and a variable interest loan can enable a person to negotiate better terms of credit if the market conditions become favorable. Some people on the other hand prefer fixed loans because of the security of knowing the exact amount you have to pay on a monthly basis. When the interest rate goes down it is better to have a flexible interest loan, but when it goes up the fixed payment loan is the best alternative. 5. The types of financial institutions that deal in very short term loans such as 15 to 30 loans have a lot of business because everyone every so often faces an emergency that requires instant cash. People also on many occasions are not able to keep up with the budget and the run out of cash. You need cash for daily food expenses and transportation cost to go to work. Due to the risk involved in these types of loans it is justified for these firms to charge a high interest rate. Also these firms have to charge a high interest rate because they do not enjoy the benefits of compound interest like other banks due to the fact that the debt is settled in a very short term. Banks make a lot of interest money during the first part of a long term loan. Shorter loans generate less interest revenues. 6. It is true that when people are faced with an emergency that requires instant cash they do not care about the terms of the agreement. In our world there are people that take advantage of the necessities of the poor by becoming loan sharks. Loan sharks are people that create an illegal lending operation which charges on my occasions upwards of 10% per week. People borrow money from these loan sharks when they have nowhere else to turn. Short term lending institutions that deal 15 day and 30 day loans are the legal equivalency of a loan shark. They c harge 30% to 50% yearly interest on short term loans. 7. The credit score

The Impacts of Black Death in Europe Research Paper

The Impacts of Black Death in Europe - Research Paper Example Capitals, were the toughest hit by the epidemic, suffering a great loss of cultural institutions such as churches and schools. Universities and grade schools were closed and at most abandoned. This was because the institutions did not have enough students to go to class or because teachers were not enough to teach the classes. For instance, Cambridge University alone lost sixteen out of forty lecturers to the plague. Churches lost priests and many people worried that there would be not a single soul left to share testimonies or lead sermons. Bishops and their successors were not spared either. People started to question their values. The atmosphere changed from one of cooperation to an individualism idea. Self-indulgence and self-satisfaction became popular as the whole society started to question what to expect the following day, so people started living each day to the fullest (Gottfried 164). The people became hopeless with the Roman Church and its power, as a result, the churches ’ influence and power declined. They started to question the Roman Catholic beliefs and faith, and God too. The priests had always taught the human race was chosen by God, but at that particular time, they wondered why God was not saving them.Education and religion systems had been brought to a standstill. An aspect of the community that was not as significantly affected by the plague as a culture was politics. The plague did not highly affect the course of politics, but it still had its share.

Kevin Stevenson retires as AASB Chair Essay Example for Free

Kevin Stevenson retires as AASB Chair Essay This article is concerned with the accomplishments and achievements of Kevin Stevenson upon his retirement as the Chairman of the Australian Accounting Standards Board on 30th June 2014. During his tenure, Kevin Stevenson ensured that the long traditions of financial reporting were upheld both internationally and domestically and also provided counsel on issues concerning the FRC. Mr. Stevenson was an example of pioneer standard setters for generations down the line as he was among the founding members of the Accounting Standards Advisory Forum of the International Accounting Standards Board. Through his leadership, the AASB’s Research Centre was established as Stevenson served the Asian-Oceanian Standard Setters Group’s chair. His main focus was to work in the interest of the public, as stated by Lynn Wood, the FRC’s chair and trustee of the IFRS Foundation. In concurrence is Ian Mackintosh, the former Chair of the PSASB of Australia and Deputy Chair of IASB. According to Mackintosh, Stevenson largely contributed in the moves by Asia countries like Nepal and Korea to the IFRS. From the onset of the 1970s, Mr. Stevenson’ attention was driven towards setting ‘principal based’ standards and developing a Conceptual Framework to be used in financial reporting. He advocated for accounting regulations as evidenced by his association with the Accounting Research Foundation and later on watched over the growth of the AARF upon being appointed its Director. He was at the forefront of setting the international pace in the development of com mon accounting standards for both the public and the private sectors. Stevenson largely contributed to the formation of the Public Sector Accounting and also played a significant role in the establishment of the stable platform of International Financial Reporting Standards in 2005 for adoption in Australia and the entire Europe. Concepts, ideas and facts                      Teamwork and leadership are two important components that must be in alignment so as to provide effective high quality and efficient accounting services. A strategic human resource management model provides guidance to accounting teams and leaders to deliver high-quality services in a timely manner. Accounting operates within a performance measurement that tolerates no errors. Therefore, a state-of-the-art investigation requires scientific leadership working with major stakeholders as a team to provide the best accounting services to a fraud investigation. The new techniques of accounting are significant steps in the right direction and they require leaders with skills and business tools to apply concepts such as efficiency, cost benefit analysis, economies of scale and cost-effectiveness analysis that will measure continuous improvement on a regular basis. Effective leadership is needed to develop, design and implement a solution that would resolve the core competency of an organization. Strategic leadership in accounting provides quality and timely accounting services to a company. Such leadership like that o Stevenson brings together a fragmented system consisting of thousands of accountants working within a fragmented system of organizations. Effective teamwork and leadership in accounting shows the way through the development of new innovative fraud investigations for the future. Leaders in positions like that of Stevenson are encouraged to consider both the social and moral implications of their decisions with regard to how their decisions will affect the clients and shareholders of the company. It is the ethical responsibility of every employee to ensure their company does not illegally evade income taxes or allow questionable deductions. They should ensure that the company finds are allocated to the appropriate activities based on their importance and determine the important elements of the business. The accounting issue                      One major way of improving the confidence in financial reporting and accounting is to ensure that there is improvement in ethical standards, reporting mechanisms, strengthening of governance and adequacy of financial management. It is ethical to maintain the right to the truth while practicing accounting and financial reporting. Those who use financial statements have the right to accurate and truthful information when engaging in investment strategies. Clients have a legal right to receive competent and professional services from accountants who have a legal obligation to perform their responsibilities within the constraints of their skills. It is often argued that most accountants lack ethical ability to recognize and solve ethical dilemmas. This has necessitated the need to include ethics education as a major component of the accounting profession. The development of professional ethics and values should be initiated early in the accounting profe ssion and be emphasized throughout the career. Major issue of the article                      Stevenson clearly shows that it is the responsibility of management to serve the best interests of the company that they are providing auditing and accounting services for, investors and society as a whole. This can be done by providing truthful and accurate financial records. Ethical guidelines require that management should be honest, concise, accurate and complete while recording financial data to ensure ethics are held to the highest degree. It is also the duty of every employee to make wise, informed decisions about the future of a company. These accounting standards are useful in financial reporting and accounting as they are processes that are currently under a great deal of scrutiny. The two are important functions that organizations should take care of and ensure that they exhibit a high code of ethics. This is because clients and shareholders use accounting and financial reports in their decision making process. Legal and ethical issues ar e important elements of financial reporting and accounting as has been demonstrated by the positions assumed by Mr. Stevenson. These issues prompted Stevenson to establish financial reporting and accounting departments to set up specific sets of rules that govern the functioning of any organization. Relevant topics and theories                      The long traditions of financial reporting applied Positive Accounting theory by focusing on various aspects that are of major interest to accounting techniques and the issues that provided an informative background and the gives in depth details of the functionality of accounting in financial reporting. Positive Accounting gives a holistic description of what is currently unknown and proposes future considerations. Financial reporting and accounting apply to any economic entity relating to the company’s future business. The major ethical elements involved are objectivity, competence, independence and integrity. These ethical elements require that accountants and financial reporters are independent of the clients to whom they provide financial and accounting services. Ethical obligations help to determine the effectiveness of accounting and financial report and redress any imbalance that may alter information symmetry. The move by Nepal and K orea followed the ethical guidelines of financial reporting and never let the desire for a better living and acquiring more possession get in the way of their financial obligations. It is ethical for any employee of the accounting or financial department working in the public or private sector to remain loyal and impartial to ethical obligations when reviewing both individual and financial reports. It is usual for one to encounter various ethical issues and it is therefore important for one to remain vigilant to resist temptations to manipulate financial records that could violate ethical guidelines. Transparency and integrity are important ethical elements of normative accounting theory. Some companies may receive pressure from management to maintain a certain public image. This is because some public companies have the burden of succeeding at high levels and it becomes an ethical issue for them to maintain true reports of the company assets, profits and liabilities without succumb ing to the pressure from management. It is unethical for management to alter the financial records of its company and manipulate the numbers to create a false image of the success of the company. This only leads to prosperity in the short term since such fraud cases are discovered by the Securities and Exchange Commission ultimately spelling the downfall of the company. For these reasons, accounting theories assert that companies must remain ethically vigilant to avoid breaching the code of conduct. High standards of ethical behavior are expected for those people engaging in accounting and financial reporting. These standards provide rules and guidance to employees in the performance of their professional obligations. Poor decision making by management based on faulty or manipulated financial records aimed at deceiving the public about a company’s financial health has negative consequences on the business. It is therefore unethical for management to overlook such behavior. Gi ven how tempting it is for companies to manipulate their financial records in order to portray an image of economic health, management should provide the last defense possible to prevent accounting fraud. In comment letter 1, the Financial Reporting Committee of the IMA wrote to express its views on financial accounting standards on simplification of the income statement presentation through the elimination of the concept of extraordinary items. The FRC is in charge of several accounting books of different companies this in essence means that they are charged with the responsibility of making timely responses to statements, pronouncements, research legislations, proposals and pending legislations. Their main concern in this letter is the complex nature of financial statements in FASB comment letters. They support the simplication initiative adopted by the board as regards to making the financial statements easier to understand by the common folk CITATION Sch l 1033 (Schroder, 2014). Their support is on the elimination of elimination of extra ordinary items as in most times this criterion is not always met. Their proposal thus rids of the tedious work in the preparation of financial documents and whether this requirement is met by auditors in the process of doing their work. Their support is based on the fact that it reduces to a great extending the complex nature of the time for the allocation of the provision of income tax by reducing the occurrence of other income items occurring. They thus advocate for a thorough examination of the details of this suggested proposal CITATION Sch l 1033 (Schroder, 2014). In comment letter number 2, Marcum Accountants and Advisors write to the FASB regarding the proposed accounting standards through the simplification of the income statement by elimination of the concept of extraordinary items. Their letter is generally a response to several questions regarding the process of simplification of the income statement. They support the concept of elimination of extra ordinary items from the General Accounting principles. Their contention is based on the difficulty of application the extra ordinary items in accounting practice CITATION Giu14 l 1033 (Giugliano, 2014). They thus support the application for extra ordinary items in previous accounting periods. A sudden change of the rules would otherwise lead to confusion in the accounting practice. The ease of application of the proposed update makes it easy to make these recommended changes quite easy to adopt. They thus suggest the immediate adoption of the proposed update. They are in agreement with the decision by the board to stick to the principle of separate disclosure of infrequent transactions. Items must thus meet the definition of occurring infrequently in recurrent expenditure. They list the following examples as those that should not be classified as unusual or infrequently occurring: occupancy related expense, routine tax audit returns and losses and gains from reimbursements from insurance CITATION Giu14 l 1033 (Giugliano, 2014). They thus suggest the importance of offering guidance on the determination of unusual items. Proper definitions should thus be provided of the unusually occurring items. In comment letter 3, Ford Motor Company also writes in support of the simplication initiative by FASB. Their agreement is based on the objective of evaluation, identification and improvement of the generally accepted accounting principles CITATION Cal14 l 1033 (Callahan, 2014). This thus means that the reduction of the cost of complexity is possible with the simplification of the income statement. They are also in agreement with the board that such an update would not lead to data loss. The overall benefit would be to the end users of such financial statements. References Callahan, S. (2014). Ford Company. Giugliano, G. (2014). Marcum Accountants. Schroder, N. (2014). Institute of Management Accounting. Source document

Teaching Status Report :: JPE Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Teaching Status Report A lot has changed since my last status report. I have essentially been teaching math lessons on my own since October 11th. It feels really good to have so much responsibility and to become an accepted part of the classroom. I am also realizing how lucky I am to have a cooperating teacher who I am so compatible with. In reference to classroom management and discipline, my cooperating teacher and I have become a team. When he is teaching I serve as another source of discipline, I can talk to students one-on-one who are causing trouble and I can provide help to students so my teacher can continue with the lesson. Furthermore, because I am still working on my authoritative side, when the class gets really out of control my cooperating teacher serves as a reminder that although I may be a student teacher I should be respected like the other teachers. In reference to my authoritative side, it is still a work in progress. I definitely have developed an ability to raise my voice and correct a student when they are misbehaving. However, I still have trouble when the entire class gets out of control and starts talking. Halloween definitely revealed this weakness, the Friday before this holiday was especially stressful because the students were so excited about their plans and had already began eating candy so they were very noisy and they did not want to learn. I tried my best to correct them but my cooperating teacher had to step in. Although I wish I could have handled the situation myself I know this skill of correcting the entire class will come with time and experience. My students’ behaviors and learning abilities are both disappointing and exciting to talk about. It amazes me that some students have the ability to work hard, regardless of their personal lives, and truly want to learn. However, there are some students who have absolutely no desire to be in school. My teacher is still working with the guidance office to see which students have IEPs and should not be in this classroom. I am really frustrated that no action has been taken yet, the school year is quickly going by and it is clear that some of these students need more help than my cooperating teacher and I can provide. Another interesting detail about this problem is that most of the IEPs are behavior related.

Mobile phones Essay

Consumers have when choosing between different mobile phone brands. The study was built upon six key attributes (telephone features, connection fee, access cost, mobile-to-mobile phone rates, call rates and free calls) related to mobile phone purchasing respondents had to importance rate. The research showed that consumers with prior experience about a product can predict their choices relatively well, although respondents tended to overestimate the importance of features, call rates and free calls and underestimate the importance of a monthly access fee, mobile-to-mobile phones rates and the connection fee. 1.Demographic factors have an influence on the evaluations of different attributes related to mobile phone choice. Specifically, gender and social class will impact on the evaluations of the attributes as men belonging to higher social class seem to be more technology savvy. 2.Consumers value personal time planning properties in the choice of new mobile phones. Consumers value in smart phones features that enhance their personal time planning (e.g., Jones, 2002). These high-rated features include calendar and e-mail services .However, while synchronization of calendar and e-mail services to PCs has become easy and fast, the importance of time planning in mobile phones becomes more and more important. 3.New technical properties increase consumer willingness to acquire new phone models. Another important aspect that has risen from different studies is that consumers purchase new phones due to the fact that their existing one’s capacity is not appropriate referring to the idea that new technology features such as built-in cameras, better memory, radio, more developed messaging services, and color displays are influencing consumer decisions to acquire new models. Thus it can be expected that new features will influence the intention to acquire new mobile phones. 4.When choosing between different mobile phone models, consumers value larger screen size but the whole phone should be small enough and light to carry in pocket. 5.When choosing between different mobile phone models, consumers value familiar brands. Price of the phone has been identified as a critical factor in the choice of the mobile phone model, especially among younger people. besides new technological advances price is the most influential factor affecting the choice of a new mobile phone model. In addition, it seems that size and brand play to some extent an important role in decision making. Liu (2002) for instance surveyed Asian mobile phone users and found that size of the phone had no impact on mobile phone choice, but this finding might be due to the fact that all competing brands have quite similar sized phones that are small enough. Liu continues that the trend will actually be not towards smaller phones but towards phones with better capability and larger screens. While companies are advertising new models and services that do not yet exist, it according to the paper signals to the market that the company is at the cutting edge of technology and shows what will be available in the very near future. The sales of new phones will then be driven by replacement rather than adoption.

Odyssey and O Brother Essay

Thus, we find the modern film depiction of the troubles of a man during the depression is molded by the ancient struggles of Odysseus in Homeris Odyssey. Specifically, three parallels surface in the discussion of the similarities between Homeris classic epic and iO Brother Where Art Thou? The Cyclops encounter for instance, is transcendent between both works. Furthermore, each story contains a comparable perspective of the Lotus Eaters. Finally, the strongest parallel between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i is the mystical call of the Sirens and the powers of the witch goddess Circe. The Cyclops encounter is transcendent between both works. The Cyclops, in the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i has obvious physical traits that connect the two pieces of work. The Cyclops in each story is a large man, who only has one eye. One website describe the Cyclopes race as, ia rough and uncivilized race of one-eyed giants. i(Spark notes p1) Odysseus describe the giant as, i A prodigious man who slept in his cave alone, and took his flocks to graze afield—remote from all companions, knowing none but savage ways, a brute so huge. i(Wilkie p378) The encounter of the Cyclops shows a great similarity in both of these stories. Odysseus, the main character of the iOdysseyi and Ulysses, the main character of iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i are taken from of state of tranquility and savagely attacked. As described by Odysseus, iSo there all day, until the sun went down, we made our feast on meat galore, and wine. i(p 377) This quote describes Odysseus and his men relaxing and enjoying a feast. Quite similar in iO Brother Where Art Thou,i Ulysses was enjoying a picnic when the savage Cyclops attacked him. When Ulysses and Odysseus were about to enjoy a peaceful day they are overtaken by the Cyclops either imprisoned or robbed. Both Ulysses and Odysseus mentality of a warrior allows them to fight back and eventually defeat the Cyclops. In each story an attempt to blind the creature offers a distraction for each character to escape from the Cyclops. Secondly, each story contains a similar perspective of the Lotus Easters. When you eat the intoxicating fruit of the lotus, as described in the Odyssey, the thought of home, purpose of voyage, and memories of the past are no longer important. Odysseus and his men arrive at the land of the Lotus-Eaters and become addicted and drawn to the fruit. They are so leered to the fruit, that it becomes a mindless obsession. iO Brother, Where Art Thou? becomes parallel to the story of the Lotus-Eaters when Ulysses and his men are baptized. Websteris dictionary defines baptism as, ithe Christian sacrament of sin and spiritual rebirth as a Christian. i Both the iOdysseyi and iO Brother Where Art Thou? i describe a rebirth and new thinking. The things of the past are no longer important. Rebirth of the soul and becoming filled with the spirit are identical to the intoxication of the f ruit. Therefore, the producers of iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i are describing baptisms as a new beginning and new thought, then comparing it to the lotus eaters of the iOdyssey. Finally, the strongest parallel between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i is the mystical call of the Sirens and the powers of the witch-goddess Circe. This parallel is the strongest element of comparison because it is very similar how each story describes the Sirens. Odysseus is told in the iOdyssey,i iSquare in your shipis path are the Sirens, crying beauty to bewitch men coasting by. i (p 421) Both Ulysses and Odysseus use wax to avoid the Sirens. Ulysses hair smelling of wax, (hair wax) and Odysseus instructing his men to put wax in their ears is enough to avoid the Sirens seductive song in each story. Avoiding the Sirens allows both Ulysses and Odysseus to continue on their purpose of journey, to get home. Another striking similarity is the witch goddess of Circe. In the iOdyssey,i Circe turns one of Odysseus men into a pig. Parallel to the Homeric epic, one of Ulysses men was supposedly turned into a frog. These two strong parallels sum up an obvious influence of Homeric work in iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i The movie iO Brother Where Art Thou? i is strikingly similar to Homeris iOdyssey,i in both plot and character description. Specifically, three parallels surface in the discussion of the similarities between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i The Cyclops encounter for instance, is transcendent between both works. Furthermore, each story contains a similar perspective of the Lotus Eaters. Finally, the strongest parallel between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i is the mystical call of the Sirens and the powers of the witch-goddess Circe. Thus, we find the modern film depiction of the trouble of a man during the depression is being shaped by the ancient struggles of Odysseus in Homeris iOdyssey.

20 Tips for Freshman How to Make It Through During Your Best College Years

20 Tips for Freshman How to Make It Through During Your Best College Years As a freshman, you may be so sure in your powers because you used to be a class president or Prom Queen in your high school. You could also be a member of the honor society. In addition, you could graduate with the highest possible GPA, which is 4.0. At last, a freshman could have been a valedictorian. No matter how hard you tried during your school years, being a college freshman creates many new challenges and obstacles on your way to perfect career. High school success has nothing to do with your higher education. But every freshman has to survive his very first year in college. You should forget about all your high school achievements once you turn a freshman. You begin a new year with a blank page. Of course, if you’re lucky to pass all necessary exams and submit a winning admissions essay along with a cover letter. From one side, you’re absolutely independent and the only one responsible for your further life. On the other side, all the decisions you make on your own, especially when talking about the first academic year, will have an irresistible impact on your further education and career. So, every freshman should be really careful. American College Testing (ACT) reports that  ¼ of college students tend to quit the game before completing the sophomore year. Every freshman feels the pressure too much. 50% of the freshmen who survive fail before getting their target degree. Most of these poor ones try to find a better place to complete their Bachelor degree. Thus, we can say that things are going better with Master’s degrees even though they involve more complicated disciplines. The article we have just written is not written to scare a freshman. Vice versa, we are here to share the secrets of surviving. We will tell you about the things and tips you’ll need during your first educational year at college or university. By the way, these witty hints might also be useful when building your career or even family. The first few weeks of the first academic year in college are very important for each freshman. This time belongs to a complex decision-making process which will predetermine your further development. During this period, a student may even change his mind concerning future career. Try to implement all of these tips during the first half of your initiate year. Each of the advice was tested by the freshman of reputable institutions, so you’d better listen up carefully. Use These Strategies and Hints to Survive Your Freshman Year Explore the area around campus.  From the very first day of your initiate academic year, you have to observe the entire area around your campus. It’s like a tiny town for each freshman. Aren’t you interested in the local infrastructure and your neighbors? Besides, studying the area around gets you prepared for many challenges. Welcome your roommate warmly.  Each roommate is just another freshman. Don’t be afraid of these youngsters – they are just as scared as you might be. These young people tend to have similar experience and emotions. Dedicate some time to study each freshman – who knows how each individual can help you during your first study year. Get the things organized.  Forget about your parents and high school tutors who used to lead you through the years. Every freshman is the only responsible person for his adult life. The parents are too far, and your teachers have all evolved into professors. Right, just like the Pokemon do. The college and university professors simply post the assignments or project all students have to complete and wait for the results. You are the one to save your skin – so stay wise and organized. Find the perfect location for your after-class preparation.  Discover a cozy corn like a library or use your room during the first year to study. Perhaps, you’ll gain other opportunities as the time passes by, but when you’re a freshman, you’re not invited to the rooms of elder guys and loud parties. So, use this time to accumulate new knowledge and experience. Try to attend every first year’s class.  Visit every lecture and take notes. Avoid the temptation. Except for memorizing complicated material to save time later, every freshman will get a vital data necessary for the upcoming tests and exams. We’ll tell you more: during the first college year, most of your exams will contain questions from the in-class quizzes and essays. Mind college requirements and due dates.  Prepare your own first-year schedule. As a freshman, you should study every syllabus by heart. Besides, you should take a look at the calendar much more often than you used to do at your school age. The justification like â€Å"I didn’t know it was due today† won’t work with your college professors. Make arrangements with your professors.  There is nothing to be ashamed of when talking to your professor during the first academic year. It is still better to retrieve information before the exam than doing it after Get to know your counselor.  One of the best advisors is your preferred academic writing service where you can buy custom essays for cheap. If we talk about counselor only, then it should be a person who will consult you on which courses to drop or take, how to organize your after-class meetings, schedule classes for the upcoming terms, choosing majors and minors. Besides, such people can help freshman with choosing his or her first job. It’s all about balance.  Take part in both social and academic occasions. Participate on campus actively.  Every second freshman faces so-called homesickness during the first year in college. Join some club or interest group not to feel lonely. Contribute to your grades.  Forget about your school grades – everything is much more serious at higher educational institutions. Here, every solved essay or in-class quiz counts. Do not ignore study resources on campus.  Perhaps, school library did not seem a reliable place for retrieving information. But college labs and libraries impress. Every freshman should take the best of such places. Dedicate some time to your hobbies.  To reduce the stress and relax, it is crucial to remember about your old hobbies like playing guitar or reading. No more pressure!  Your parents have no more power to decide on your future. If you are not sure in the career you’ve chosen the last year, discover your new opportunities. It may help to change your mind. Take responsibility.  Since your first day in college, you have to learn by your mistakes. Make conclusions and try to avoid falling into the same trap again. Keep in touch with your classmates.  Remember that every another student from your class is also a freshman. He or she won’t make laugh of you. Building stable, friendly connections might play in hand later when the exams come. Get to the Career Services Office.  Talk to real professionals who will help you with your career choice. Don’t procrastinate.  It is crucial to set priorities. Do not postpone any important job until the last minute. Keep in mind that you always need a time for revision. Stay healthy. This point is mostly about nutrition. Also, freshman enjoys alcohol beverages and smoking, but you should stick away from these bad habits. Don’t overwhelm your body with fast food. Learn how to cook elementary meals. Keep away from the dreaded extra â€Å"Freshman 15† pounds by obeying a balanced diet. Keep track of your money. We are not telling you to become a professional accountant, but you have to at least count your cash and allocate all money resources wisely. Let’s say, you can’t spend more than $50 per day if you earn $100. The last advice would be to use only official writing services for freshman and other students from the very first year. Don’t save your money on two things; your health and education. Thus, we recommend buying essays and research papers of high-quality instead of failing your course due to late or poor-quality paper.

Shakespeares Plays Sorted by Tragedy, Comedy, History

Shakespeares Plays Sorted by Tragedy, Comedy, History It is not always easy to categorically say whether a William Shakespeare play is a tragedy, comedy, or history, because Shakespeare blurred the boundaries between these genres, especially as his work developed more complexity in themes and character development. But those are the categories into which the First Folio (the first collection of his works, published in 1623; he died in 1616) was divided, and thus, they are useful to start the discussion. The plays can be generally classified into these three broad categories based on whether the main character dies or is bequeathed a happy ending and whether Shakespeare was writing about a real person.   This list identifies which plays are generally associated with which genre, but the classification of some plays is open to interpretation and debate and changes over time. Shakespeare’s Tragedies In Shakespeares tragedies, the main protagonist has a flaw that leads to his (and/or her) downfall. There are both internal and external struggles and often a bit of the supernatural thrown in for good measure (and tension). Often there are passages or characters that have the job of lightening the mood (comic relief), but the overall tone of the piece is quite serious. The 10 Shakespeare plays generally classified as tragedy are as follows: Antony and CleopatraCoriolanusHamletJulius CaesarKing LearMacbethOthelloRomeo and JulietTimon of AthensTitus Andronicus Shakespeare’s Comedies Shakespeares comedies are sometimes further subdivided into a group called romances, tragicomedies, or problem plays, which are the dramas that have elements of humor, tragedy, and complex plots.  For example, Much Ado About Nothing begins like a comedy  but soon descends into tragedy- leading some critics to describe the play as a tragicomedy. Others debated or cited as tragicomedies include The Winters Tale, Cymbeline, The Tempest, and The Merchant of Venice.   Four of his plays are often called his late romances, and they include: Pericles, The Winter’s Tale, and The Tempest. Problem plays are so-called because of their tragicomic elements and moral issues, and they dont end perfectly tied up, such as Alls Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure and Troilus and Cressida. Regardless of all that debate, the 18 plays generally classified as comedy are as follows: Alls Well That Ends Well As You Like It The Comedy of ErrorsCymbelineLoves Labour’s LostMeasure for MeasureThe Merry Wives of WindsorThe Merchant of VeniceA Midsummer Nights Dream Much Ado About NothingPericles, Prince of TyreThe Taming of the ShrewThe Tempest Troilus and CressidaTwelfth NightTwo Gentlemen of VeronaThe Two Noble KinsmenThe Winters Tale Shakespeare’s Histories Sure, the history plays are all about real figures, but it can also be argued that  with the downfall portrayed of the kings in Richard II and Richard III, those history plays could also be classified as tragedies, as they were billed back in Shakespeares day. They would easily be called tragedy plays were the main character of each fictional. The 10 plays generally classified as history plays are as follows: Henry IV, Part IHenry IV, Part II​Henry VHenry VI, Part IHenry VI, Part IIHenry VI, Part III​Henry VIIIKing JohnRichard IIRichard III

The Importance of effective communication to quality nursing care Coursework

The Importance of effective communication to quality nursing care - Coursework Example While communicating, the nurse should always pay attention to both verbal and non-verbal communication to get the right information required for the patient care (Harrington & Terry, 2009). For effective communication, various techniques have to be utilized to ensure proper communication with the patient. For instance, the nonverbal communication is important. The nurse should ensure that there is agreement between the non-verbal and the verbal communication. Some of the nonverbal communications to note as the process of communication goes on is facial expressions, posture and gestures among others. Listening is important in the process of communication. By paying keen attention to the patient, gives the nurse a chance to mobilize all the perceiving sensory organs to allow for picking of the messages emitted both verbally and non-verbally. At the same time, the self-esteem of the patient is raised hence allowing the patient to open up even more. God interpersonal relationship is important for gaining the confidence of the patient. The patient feels secure and respected with the appropriate use of kindness when asking questions. The patient feels accepted as the nurse s hows interest on the patient. Hence, by use of the good interpersonal relationships, the nurse can get the necessary information that will go a long way in efficient patient care (Harrington & Terry,

Technological progress is a process of replacement and renewal, which Essay

Technological progress is a process of replacement and renewal, which implies for new technology to add value, it must make pre - Essay Example For instance, this was evidences in the 20th century when the agricultural technological process shifted the agrarian revolution to an industrial production workforce in the US. As a result of the progress, US farmers significantly lost their vocation as well as career even if the productivity per acre was enhanced dramatically and the production volume, which amplified with technology. In such situation, farmers are therefore what the industry would refer to as ‘tech-losers’. As the technology ubiquity spreads development worldwide, it usually establishes two categories of people: tech-winners as well as tech-losers. Tech-losers in most cases of cannot be incorporated into the changing technological environment. Many are the times they fear losing their jobs as well as their lifestyles as a result of technology progress (Sood and Tellis, 2005). This per evaluates the whole aspect of technological progress with a clear focus on the manner in which a manager would think a bout the situations if they occur in a mid-sized company. It also evaluates various ways in which managers might try to resolve the issues that arise in the process as well as the indicators that would guide them. Manager’s Perspective on Technological Progress Technological progress is a very paramount issue that managers often evaluate in their companies. Often, with technology surfacing at breakneck speed, it is becomes apparent that no single manager would predict what's around the next corner. More importantly, a particular type of technology has to be forgotten if innovations are made. Nevertheless, life circle remains constant. Usually, when a novel high-tech establishment is born, the older one has to die. Sood and Tellis (2005).established that at times, the loss is a good thing because it brings easier way of doing things as well as elevating companies’ profitability. Nonetheless, sometimes, the departure swirls bittersweet feelings especially if the IT emplo yees had been used to a particular mode of operations. As an IT/IS Manager, major concerns include embracing a system that do not lead to significant errors, curbing identity theft through hacking as well as enhancing workers cooperation among others. Often, IT managers in companies construe technological progress as a path which has one-dimensional as well as with milestones on it. Research indicates that managers agree that the process helps everybody to crosswise especially if one has the intellectual capacity to do so. However, they take this not to be an accurate description. For instance, taking into consideration a flat plane which has two dimensions and without milestones, one would notice that there are outstanding points of accomplishment spotted all over it. Overlay on such a flat surface would be a structure of a branching tree; which signifies culture's progress. Often, culture begins at some point in lieu of its preliminary conditions. Therefore, as it moves, it has to touch on some of the potentials on the flat surface but not all. This implies that is a possibility of getting a new technology which becomes successful replacing an old one. For instance, after innovation, Boeing 707

Microsoft projecr Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Microsoft projecr - Assignment Example The first phase will deal with the design of the Customer Relationship Management System while the second phase will deal with the implementation of the system to the normal work flow environment. The design phase will incorporate various key features that will facilitate its efficient operation. The product that will arise from the project will be required to conduct tracking on the various trends of customer purchasing. The product is also to provide points to purchases that have been made cumulatively. The customers who have enrolled and registered into the system should therefore be able to redeem their points and receive various benefits. For the system to be able to produce the various deliverables, it is important that the Customer Relationship Management System be developed. It should also be complemented with a good intranet and extranet infrastructure that will allow synchronization of bonuses and loyalties from any outlet store. Apart from that, the software will need to work together with a Point Of Sale system which will be capturing the initial costs while the Customer Relationship Management System converts the prices to bonuses and royalty. The System will be developed and then introduced in the main branch to test. It will involve the installation of the system to computers which have the capabilities of running the software without any incompatibility issues. At the same time, a network infrastructure will be laid so that the whole company has a de-centralized system of operation with the main servers located at the head office. Shopping cards will be introduced where the bonus and loyalty points are stored. The system will also be installed in the other outlet chains to verify the synchrony of operations to the central server and test whether a customer’s points can be identified on any other retail store affiliated to the main store. Executive support – The management must support the system development process and the

An Introduction to Photosynthesis

An Introduction to Photosynthesis Assignment 1 Photosynthesis 1. Photosynthesis-Every plant goes through different type of plant processes, which mainly effects growth and development of a plant. The photosynthesis process is very essential part of a plant. It happened in the green plants containing chlorophyll. It also uses water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to make food in the plant. 6CO2+6H2O-à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  Light-à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  C6H12O6+6O2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Release Energy How the photosynthesis is related to other internal process (respiration, water and nutrient uptake, fruit development etc) All the plant processes are interrelated to each other.   The food which is made by the photosynthesis process, respiration takes energy from it. It breakdown the food which is through photosynthesis process. Defective Photosynthesis Symptoms In this process sunlight is very important. If the defective problem on plant photosynthesis, the colour of the leaves will change. Plant also become pale. Plant growth stop and looks dull. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by these factors: Light intensity More light high rate of photosynthesis water supply Good water supply also help for the growthCarbon dioxide availability it is also very important in this process. The rate of photosynthesis affected by the oxygen and carbon dioxide.Temperature suitable temperature is also required for photosynthesis. Heat- Heat has also an affect on the rate of the photosynthesis. 2. Respiration- After photosynthesis, the second process occurred is respiration. In this process it takes energy from the food, which is produced by photosynthesis. This process doesnt require any sunlight because it can happen anytime. In the simple words respiration means breakdown of food, this is produced by photosynthesis. Defective Respiration Symptoms- if defective problem on plant respiration, In poor respiration, we can see affect on the new growth. New growth will be look dull. Apart from this less vegetative growth occur. How the Respiration is related to other internal process (, water and nutrient uptake, fruit development etc) This process is also related to the photosynthesis. Because in this process the breakdown of food which is produced by photosynthesis occurs. So it also plays a key role in the other internal plant processes, which helps the plants for a better growth. Factors- Temperature At low temperature the rate of respiration is very low. At the same time high temperature does not have any significant effect on the rate of respiration.   Starvation The plants have low starch have low rate of respiration. So this is also main factor for respiration. Respiration decreases with decreased available oxygen. Under circumstances where no oxygen is present, like in poorly draining soil, anaerobic respiration occurs. The rate of respiration for most plants peaks around the normal oxygen level in the atmosphere 3. Translocation- The next plant growth process is known as translocation. In this process more water is pulled up from the root of the plants via xylem. This process is very essential for the health of the plant. How the Translocation is related to other internal process (respiration, water and nutrient uptake, fruit development etc) Translocation is important process because in this process water pulled up through the roots to xylem. It also helps in the nutrient uptake. So this process is also related to the photosynthesis as well as nutrient uptake Defective Translocation Symptoms- If translocation rate is low then we can see this affect on the growth of the plants. Low rate transpiration leads to plant in a stage where plant is not healthy and leaves are drops and plant affected by plant diseases. Factors Temperature- Temperature also plays a key role in the growth of plants. At high temperature the rate of translocation is low. So balance of temperature is very important to increase the rate of translocation Light- Light has play an important roles in the life of the plants and all other plant processes such as photosynthesis, respiration etc. 4.Nutrient uptake-: nutrient uptake means take the nutrient from the soil for the plant growth and development. Nutrient uptake occurs with the active transport. It needs the energy. Nutrient uptake absorbs the important nutrient like NPK. NPK is very important for plant growth and cell division. How the Nutrient uptake is related to other internal process (respiration, water and nutrient uptake, fruit development etc) Water moves up the plants through the xylem and some micronutrients, which are in the water. With the help of this plant produce chlorophyll, which is produced by photosynthesis process as food Defective Nutrient uptake Symptoms- If the defective problem on plant Nutrient uptake, the colour of the leaves will change. If the nutrients are not available to the plants, fruit development of the plant is also affected. Factors- As for the first class of these factors, for example, we must consider the nutrition characteristics of the species and varieties to be grown. These special features include the morphological characteristics of plants, the ratios of their shoots and roots and also the characteristics of their root development. Other factors that we must not overlook are the specific nutrient requirements and nutrient dynamics. Different plants also differ in their temperature requirements, which naturally also affect their nutrition processes. 5. Photoperiodism: Basically it means physiological reactions of the organisms in the plants. This means the growth of the plant affected by the length of night. Short day plants needed short days and long nights for their better growth.   On the other hand, long day plants needed long days and short night for good growth. Sun flower is one of the examples for long day plants. There are day neutral plants are also one of the category of the plants. They can flower any time of the year tomatoes are example of the plants. Defective Photoperiodism Symptoms- If the defective problem on plant Photoperiodism, Plants will never produce the flowers. I other words, by defective photoperiodism plant will never go to its flowering stage How the Photoperiodism is related to other internal process (respiration, water and nutrient uptake, fruit development etc) It plays a key role to promote flowering in the plants. Some plants require periodic exposure to introduce flowering. It helps the plants to provide environment, which is suitable for flowering. So it leads the plant towards fruit development. Factors-There are several types of factors which affect the process of the photoperiodism. Temperature is one of the factors which affect this process. Apart from this, moistures also play a key role in this process. Excess of moisture or lack of moisture can affect the process of photoperiodism. Soil structure also plays a key role in water uptake. So its directly effect on the growth of the plant. Apart from this, other biotic factors also affect this process. 6. Vernalization- This is a stage in the development of many plants, most notably bulbs, fruit trees, and nut trees. This stage involves exposure to cold temperatures for a set period of time, followed by a period of increased photosensitivity which allows the plant to start producing flowers. There are a number of reasons why vernalization is important to plants, and it is also useful to be aware of when forcing plants to bloom indoors or to bloom earlier than they usually do. Defective Vernalization Symptoms- If the defective problem on plant Vernalization, if the no vernalization occurs in the plants, plants will never produce flowers.withot flowers we cannot expect fruit formation in the plants. How the Vernalization is related to other internal process (respiration, water and nutrient uptake, fruit development etc) Basically, vernalization is a process of flowering in the plants. So it has directly affect on the fruit development of the plants. Factors-The most important influence of temperature on flowering time is the vernalisation response. Many plant species, such as winter cereals, must go through a prolonged period of cold that winter conditions before flowering occurs 7. Dormancy Definition: A period in which a plant does not grow, awaiting necessary environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, nutrient availability. This is a time when plant go into sleep mode after its production season. Kiwifruit is one of the best example for this. After producing fruits in spring season it goes into dormancy stage in winter season. How the Dormancy is related to other internal process (respiration, water and nutrient uptake, fruit development etc) Dormancy is a important stage of the plants. It helps in the all other plant processes fruit development, flowering etc. DefectiveDormancy Symptoms- If the defective problem on plant Dormancy, Plant will not produce new growth and not available for next year. Factor- Temperature- Temperature has a great affect on the dormancy. In the high temperature, some plants cant survive in its dormancy stage. So its important that the suitable temperature available for the plants. Climate- Climate is also a key factor for dormancy, too much rainfall or too much cold environment can affect the dormancy stag of the plants. 8. Senescence Basically it means lifecycle of the plants. In this process plant goes through all the stages of lifecycle such as seedling vegetative etc. All living organisms have a definite life span. A plant, be it annual or perennial has a vegetative growth phase after germination. The formation of flowers or development of reproductive structures marks the arrival of reproductive phase. The plant becomes mature by this time. Defective Senescence Symptoms- If the defective problem on plant Senescence, The plant will look dull . Factors- Environmental factors, primarily photoperiod (daily length of darkness) and temperature, play important parts in governing senescence and death in plants. In annual plants, death is the natural conclusion of development; thus, conditions accelerating development automatically advance senescence.. 9. Fruit development Fruit has its beginnings in the pollination process. This process is the transfer of pollen from the male to the female part of the flower. The male is referred to as the anther, while the female is called the stigma. This process not only occurs inside the same flower, but the pollen is also spread to neighbouring flowers by the wind, animals and a variety of insects. Grains in the pollen erect a tube on the flower that travels all the way down into the female part of the plant. The female part of the plant is at the base of the pistil, which houses the developing pollen tube. The pollen tube will react with a ovule in the female part of the plant to fertilize an egg. The egg and the ovary develop together, and a sheath or protective layer is formed around a seed. The ovary itself becomes the actual fruit produced by the plant. Depending on the number of eggs per ovule, multiple ovaries can become fruits. In some flowers, there is only one seed or one ovule, producing only one fruit at a time. Each fruit contains a protective layer, water, nutrients and a seed. Some fruits will have numerous seeds that can be planted and harvested. Defective Fruit development Symptoms- If the defective problem on plant Fruit development, the size of the fruit is not good, or drop, the fruit discoloration can occur. How the Fruit development is related to other internal process (respiration, water and nutrient uptake, fruit development etc) As we all know that all plant processes, interrelated with each other. Fruit development very much depends on the flowering process. Factors- Following are the factors, which affects in the fruit development process. Such as Low temperature, early season fruit, Chilling sensitivity, the potential for physiological disorders, increased moisture loss, relatively higher temperatures. Plant growth regulators Hormones are chemical substances produced in small amounts in one tissue and transported to another tissue where they have an effect. They are chemical messengers which regulate growth. There are five important hormones which are found in nearly all seed plants and these coordinate the growth of the plant as a whole. Many of the effects of the external environment on development are mediated by the distribution of these hormones within the plant. 5 different type of plant regulators Auxin The main function of auxin is to help plants grow. Auxin stimulates plant cells to elongate, and the apical meristem of a plant is one of the main places that auxin is produced. Auxin is manufactured in shoot tips, embryos, fruit and young leaves. Auxin promotes the elongation of shoot tissue cells. Auxin is the hormone involved in geotropic responses of shoot tips to gravity. Cytokinin The presence of cytokinin will stimulate the differentiation of vascular tissue (eg xylem). Cytokinin stimulates cell division. Buds which are inhibited by apical dominance may be released by cytokinin. Cytokinin delays the ageing process and senescence, in leaves. Gibberellin Gibberellin is an important hormone in stem elongation. Many dwarf plants are the result of diminished gibberellin in the stem. Gibberellin also promotes bolting (Bolting is when agricultural and horticultural crops prematurely produce a flowering stem (or stems) before the crop is harvested), rapid elongation of the stem Element 2 Early and late maturity in Potatoes Potatoes vary in size, shape, colour, texture and time to maturity. Maturation time is the most important variable, because potato tubers grow best when soil temperatures range between 60 and 70 degrees. Early Maturity: Early varieties that mature in less than 90 days are good fits for any garden. Creamy, round Irish Cobbler, purple-skinned Caribe, and prolific Red Norland fall into this group, along with King Harry, which is resistant to Colorado potato beetles. Midseason varieties mature in 100 days or so, and include Yukon Gold and Red LaSoda, which is often the top-producing potato in warm climates. Late Maturity: Late varieties need 110 days or more of growing time, but they typically produce a heavy set of tubers that keep well in storage. Butte is an all-purpose brown-skinned potato that performs well when grown in the Midwest; Katahdin and Kennebec rule in the Northeast. In order to achieve our desired predetermined result we should do different type of horticulture activities. We should control pest and diseases. Apart from this, we should control the weeds. For example: in order to get out of season production we should grow our crop in greenhouse. We should maintain hygiene. In order to achieve early maturity we should grow early maturity new varieties. We should modify the soil as well as use fertilizers to increase the growth and production of the crop. Good irrigation and good air movement also give a boost to the internal plant process. It helps in the plant growth and production or crops. 2.1Describe how you achieve Early maturity in any chosen crop Chosen crop- Tomatoes In order to achieve early maturity of the Tomatoes crop, we can use early variety of the plants. These plants belongs to special; category of the plants, which can mature early than normal growing plants. So we can achieve early maturity of the crop by growing early maturity variety plants of selected crop. How to achieve early maturity: If we want to achieve early maturity in tomatoes than we have to grow early maturity verities of the tomato plants. In this way we can achieve early maturity in our selected crop 2.2 What is late maturity and how you achieve this in any crop. Late maturity: Late maturity means that delaying the plant process to achieve late maturity of the plant. For doing this we have to control the internal processes such as photosynthesis, water uptake. In order to reduce photosynthesis we should grow our crop or plant in a shady environment. How to achieve late maturity- In order to achieve late maturity in the plants, we should promote more vegetative stage of the crop. It can be done through by the use of nitrate fertilizer, which helps the plant to increase vegetative stage. 2.3 Describe what out of season production and how you achieve in chosen crop Selected Crop- Tomatoes Out of season production means that grow our crop in a season when conditions are opposite to grow the crop. For example producing tomatoes whole year by growing them inside a glasshouse. In the glasshouse we can control the environment, less chance of pest and diseases.   It can possible through using new varieties of crop or plants. In the glasshouse more sunlight and suitable temperature available for the plant which help the plant to grow quickly and produce the products. 2.4 Describe how you can achieve production outside normal growing climate areas. In order to achieve production outside normal climate, we have done some practices to achieve our goal. We can take example of Tomatoes. Tomatoes are commonly grown in summer. So, in order to achieve production in cold climate we have to use certain techniques which are mentioned below- Glass house Production- In order to grow tomatoes in colder climate, best way of growing tomatoes is inside a glasshouse. Its provide suitable temperature for the plants. Apart from this, we can also grow early maturity variety of the plants. In order to grow tomatoes in open field in cold climate we should cover our young plants. And we have to select area for planting which is surrounded by shelter. 2.5 Define crop yield and how you achieve optimum yield of any crop Yield- Yield is refers to the amount that how much production achieve through manipulating the plant processes. For example produce crops or plant products in of season. For example 200 kg/per hector potatoes has been increased by achieving early maturity of the crop. How to achieve optimum yield- Trimming- pruning and trimming is very important because with the help of pruning we can encourage the plants for new growth. Irrigation- Proper irrigation is needed for good growth of the plants. So its very important for internal plant processes. Pest and disease control- we should control pest and diseases in the crop. In this way, we can achieve optimum production of our crop. 2.6 Describe storage characteristics of any crop Chosen crop- Potatoes The storage means that keep the potatoes for a long period of time in a control environment. To store the potatoes we should keep them in a cool store. We should also maintain a suitable temperature to avoid humid conditions. Apart from this, we should also have an eye on the moisture of the cool store. In this way, we can store the potatoes for desired time, without any diseases and pests. Question-3 Chosen Crop- Kiwifruit In order to achieve predetermined results in kiwifruit crop. We have to perform certain activities. These activities are different and also done in different seasons. After harvesting the crop kiwifruit goes into dormancy stage. So this is the time when we have to start our activities. Pruning- In the process of pruning we cut the old kiwifruit canes, which are used to produce fruit in previous season. In this process we use different type of tools such as loppers, secateurs etc. After cutting down the old kiwifruit canes new canes are put on the wires and tied them with plastic clips. Vegetative Stage (summer)- After the pruning kiwifruit started to develop new leaves and buds in summer season. This is the time when, kiwifruit go through variety of activities such as bud thinning, tipping, zero leaf cutting, male plants pruning, girdling etc. In this season kiwifruit plants are in their vegetative stage and flourish with leaves and new shoots. Summer pruning also done in this season. Basically this is the process of cutting down the fruitless shoots from the plants. Fruit development Pollination- When both male and female kiwifruit plants started to produce flowers. It leads to the next process which is known as pollination. It can be done by two methods. But most of the kiwifruit growers use bees to promote pollination in plants. Honey bees took the pollen from the male flowers and put on the female flowers. The other method of pollination is spraying the pollen directly into the female plant flowers. Fertilisation- After the process of pollination, the next process is fertilisation. Basically this is process of fruit formation. Pollen goes into the ovary with the help of pollen tube which help in the fruit formation. Harvesting- When the fruit is completely developed and fulfil all the requirements of quality check, which is conducted by the pack house. After that fruit is ready for harvesting. In the process of harvesting the workers pick the fruits and loaded into the plastic or wooden bins. After that these bins are loaded into the truck and these trucks go into the pack house for packing. Storage and packing: Harvested kiwifruits store in cool store house. These cool stores are under the supervision of the pack house. The cool store staffs maintain a suitable temperature and environment for the plants. The packing of the fruits also happen in the pack house after packaging of the fruits in trays the kiwifruit is ready for export to the other countries by the companies. Question 4 Briefly explain the factors which influence the following plant processes Early maturity- In simple words the meaning of the early maturity means achieve early growth of the plants by using an early maturity variety of the crop. Following are the factors which influence early maturity. Factors- Light- Light is important for every plant. If the less light is available for the plant. The growth of the plant will stop. Because light is very important for the photosynthesis, which is a food making process of the plants. Temperature- High temperatures cause increased respiration sometimes above the rate of photosynthesis. This means that the products of photosynthesis are being used more rapidly than they are being produced. For growth to occur photosynthesis must be greater than respiration. Variety selection- The selection of variety is very important part for early maturity. So its important to select a good early maturity variety of our selected crop. Seed sowing- Seed sowing is also a factor which influence early maturity. So its important sows the seeds in a correct depth. Because deep seed sowing can delay the germination of the seeds Fertilizer- fertilizer is also an important factor. By using too much fertilizer it can lead the plants towards long vegetative stage. So while growing early maturity we have to use suitable fertilizers and avoid those fertilizers which delay early maturity. Late maturity- Late maturity means that encourage our plants for a long vegetative stage it can be done by fertilizers, pruning etc. Flowing are the factors. Factors- Climate- Climate has also a affect on the plants too much cold or too much warm climates can also affect on the growth of the plants. Fertilizer- Nitrogen fertilizers are commonly used to prolong the vegetative stage of the plants. So its important to put nitrogen fertilizer to get late maturity in our crop or plants. Pruning or trimming Pruning and trimming of the growing shoots also allows the plants to produce new leaves. So its also a key factor to get late maturity in the crops. Planting season- Planting season is also a key factor to achieve late maturity of the plants. So its important to plant the seeds in a suitable season Light- Too much light or less light can also affect the late maturity of the plants. Because light plays a important role in photosynthesis. Out of season production- Out of season production means produce the products in environment which is against the normal growing conditions. Following are the factors which influence Out of season production. Factors- Humidity- Humidity is important factor in out of season production of a crop. Too much humidity can affect the plant growth. Temperature- its important to maintain suitable temperature for the plants inside the glasshouse or plastic house because too much temperature can damage the plants. Greenhouse or plastic house growing- its important to grow out of season crops in a plastic house or greenhouse. Pest and disease control- We should control the weeds and pests. Production outside normal growing climate areas-  Ã‚   Production outside normal conditions means growing crops in conditions which are adverse to normal growing conditions. Factors- Water- Good and control water supply should be available for the plants in order to produce production in outside normal climate. Light- Light is also a key factor. So before growing the crop we should know that suitable light is available for the plants or not. Irrigation- Good irrigation system is also necessary for production outside normal growing season. Yield- Yield simple meaning is that production. It refers to the overall production of a crop from a piece of land. Following are the factors. Factors Temperature -High temperature have affect on the plants. It can reduce the quality of the fruits. Light- If the too much sunlight available to the fruits, it can cause burning spots to the fruit. Pest and disease Pest and disease control is also very important, good pest and disease control can result as a high production or yield. Irrigation Good irrigation system has also a important role in the production. Good water management also increase the production of the crop. Storage Characteristics- Storage characteristics means that suitable environmental conditions to store vegetables and fruits. Following are the factors. Factors Moisture- Its important to maintain suitable moisture in control suitable moisture in control environment because too much moisture can poor the quality of the stored fruits. Temperature- Temperature is also factor of a cool store. So its important to maintain a suitable temperature for stored products. 4.2 How would you use planning to determine which influence will be altered and by what amount to be manipulated that plant growth to meet predetermined results. Cultivation- Cultivation is very important before growing a plant or crop. Because in this process we break the upper layer of the soil. Its beneficial for the crop because with help of cultivation we can have good drainage, good water holding capacity and good soil aeration. Seed sowing After cultivation the next process is seed sowing. We should know about the good depth for sowing the seed. Because if we sow the seeds too deeply it can result delay of the seedling stage. Irrigation- After sowing the seeds good water management or good irrigation is very important. Too much water or less water can also have a effect on the growth of the plant. Excess of water can cause result poor soil structure. Pruning training- In vegetative stage pruning and trimming of the plants is very important because it helps to promote new growth and also help to remove dead parts or infected by any pest or disease. Weeding Removal of the weeds also a important part. Because weeds can grow faster than our crop and also increase the insect activities. Pest and disease control- pest and disease control is also needed because they can damage or kill the crop. So we need to use suitable insecticides or herbicides. Harvesting- Last and final stage of the crop is harvesting. For harvesting a crop we can use machines as well as labour also. The time of harvesting is vary according to the crop. Question-5 Name of the plant-Potatoes Prepare seeds- The seed potato needs to be prepared before planting. This takes 4 6 weeks. Lay the potatoes out in a single layer in a warm, sunny sheltered spot. The potatoes will turn green and sprouts will appear from the eyes of the potatoes. These eyes will grow into shoots. When the shoots are 3 4cm long, the potatoes are ready to plant. Just prior to planting, remove all but 3 of the thickest and healthiest sprouts. Planting- Plant seed potatoes after frosts have passed in early spring through to early summer. Seed potatoes are planted in furrows about 150mm deep. Plant each seed potato at least 250mm apart from each other. Lay the sprouted seed potato so that the sprouts are pointing up in the furrow then cover with soil, taking care not